Energy Costs

  • Thermal Insulation

    Insulation materials at a glance

    Context : Insulating the greenhouse can significantly reduce energy consumption. An overview of this.

    All prices are based on a required heat transfer coefficient (U-value) of 0.24 watts per square meter and Kelvin. Its implementation is  required by the Building Energy Act (GEG) , which, among other things, replaced the Energy Saving Ordinance (EnEV) at the end of 2020.

    See also article: Thermal insulation overview

    TypeInsulating materialparticularities

    Heat protection

    		Price, net (as of 2022)
    Organic Flax Resistance to rot bad ca. 20 €/m 2  (17 cm)
    Hemp (mat/plate) Resistant to moisture and rot bad 33 - 53 €/m2 (18 cm / 19 cm)
    Wood fiber High heat capacity good 8* - 20 €/m2 (ab 4 cm* / 16 cm)
    Wood wool Resistance to vermin, rot and fungal attack good €222/m 2  (34 cm)
    Jute Pollutant-free and biodegradable good €21/m 2  (15 cm)
    Coconut Fiber Particularly break-resistant, a very good alternative to synthetic insulation materials medium €45/m 2  (18 cm)
    Cork Open to diffusion, very pressure-resistant medium - good €117/m 2  (18 cm)
    Sheep wool Particularly open to diffusion, cleans room air good €25/m 2  (16 cm)
    Reed Resistance to rot and moisture bad €111/m 2  (27 cm)
    Seagras High moisture resistance, resistant to mites, mice and other vermin good €20/m 2  (19 cm)
    Straw Open to diffusion good

    8 - 16* €/m2 (18 cm / ab 4 cm*)
    Cellulose Moisture regulating, mold resistant good €8/m 2  (16 cm)
    Mineral Expanded Clay Non-flammable, resistant to moisture and frost, good sound insulation good 25,00* €/m2 (ab 4 cm* / 72 cm)
    Calciumsilikat Highest fire protection class, alkaline properties prevent mold medium €366/m 2  (24 cm)
    Glass wool (matte) Non-flammable, resistant to mold and vermin medium 10 - 25 €/m2 (24 cm / ab 4 cm*)
    Mineral foam Dimensionally stable, pressure-resistant, non-flammable good €66/m 2  (20 cm)
    Perlite Water-repellent, bug-resistant, will not rot good €40/m 2  (20 cm)
    Foam glass Poor soundproofing, no malleability medium €136/m 2  (16 cm)
    Rock wool (mat, soft) Non-flammable, resistant to mold and vermin medium 16* - €38/m 2  (14 cm)
    Synthetic Extruded polystyrene (XPS) Insensitive to water, tread-resistant, highly flammable good €30/m 2  (14 cm)
    Expanded polystyrene (EPS) High moisture resistance good 12 - 19  €/m2 (14 cm / ab 4 cm*)
    Polyurethane (PUR) Elastic good €26/m 2  (10 cm)
    Polyisocyanurate rigid foam (PIR) Weather-resistant, water-repellent, pressure-resistant good €96/m 2  (19 cm)

    Source: IpeG Institute. *= blown-in insulation; Material thickness depends on the cavity, but at least 4 cm.

     

    Overview of insulation effect

    Insulation material overview

    Photo: Research Institute for Thermal Insulation eV

    Insulating material

    Thermal conductivity

    Application

    Glass wool

    0,030-0,040 W/(m·K)

    Roof: insulation between rafters

    Ceiling: impact sound insulation

    Wall: ETICS, rear-ventilated insulation

    Rock wool

    0,030-0,040 W/(m·K)

    Roof, facade, screed

    Foam glass

    0,036–0,060 W/(m·K)

    Flat roof, facade, interior insulation

    Perlite

    0,038 – 0,050 W/(m·K)

    Expanded perlite: insulation between rafters,
    core insulation

    Perlite insulation panels: flat roofs,
    covering fills

    SLS 20

    0,035 W/(m·K)

    Exterior wall: Core insulation of double-skinned
    masonry,
    insulation behind clinker brick facades using
    the blown-in process

    Calcium silicate

    0,053–0,07 W/(m·K)

    Internal insulation

    EPS

    0,035-0,040 W/(m·K)

    Screed, facade (ETICS), flat roofs

    PUR rigid foam

    0,025-0,030 W/(m·K)

    Flat roof, pitched roof (over-rafter insulation)
    XPS 0,030-0,040 W/(m·K) Perimeter insulation, foundation,
    facade (ETICS),

    Wood fibers

    0,040-0,055 W/(m·K)

    lightweight constructions,

    in connection with fills,

    Roof, screed, ETICS

    Wood wool

    0,090 W/(m·K)

    Plaster base, summer heat protection, cladding

    Cork

    0,045 W/(m·K)

    		  

    Cellulose

    0,040 W/(m·K)

    Between rafter insulation

    Wooden frame construction

    Wall/ceiling surfaces

    Flax

    0,040 W/(m·K)


    Under-rafter insulation, not suitable for external insulation

    Hemp

    0,040-0,045 W/(m·K)

    Between rafter insulation,
    under rafter insulation

    Neptune ball fibres

    0,045 W/(m·K)

    Blown-in insulation for cavities, roofs,
    facades, interior and exterior insulation
    Context: 
    ID: 568

  • Thermal Insulation Overview

    Aquaponics systems show their greatest efficiency when they are operated in a greenhouse. This makes it easier to regulate the temperature and collect the evaporated water. In summer it is important to ensure that the temperature is sufficiently low, otherwise the fish will die. Most plants don't have any problems at 25 degrees Celsius, but above that it becomes problematic. A first indication is the climate zone from which the plant in question comes.

    Which materials you should use for the greenhouse is a challenging calculation. Must be taken into account (among other things): 

    • Climate zone (frost in winter?)
    • Sunshine duration (artificial lighting?)
    • Heating costs (in winter)
    • Cooling costs (in summer)
    • electricity costs 
    • building-costs

    The deadline for amortization is particularly important for entrepreneurs; non-commercial cultivation is a completely different matter. Ask us...

    Here you will find example calculations for energy consumption.

    See also the article:  Thermal Insulation

    Typical values ​​of construction

    Example values ​​of heat transfer coefficients for components
    Component Thickness U-value in W/(m² K)
    Exterior wall made of concrete without thermal insulation 25cm 3.3
    Exterior wall made of bricks 24cm approx. 1.5
    36.5cm approx. 0.8
    Exterior wall made of bricks (17.5 cm)
    with thermal insulation composite system (PUR)    		 30 cm approx. 0.32
    Exterior wall made of highly porous perforated brick, unplastered 50cm 0.17-0.23
    Exterior wall made of wood frame construction, typical apartment structure 25cm 0.15-0.20
    Exterior wall made of solid wood (without thermal insulation) 20.5cm 0.5
    Exterior wall made of aerated concrete 36.5cm 0.183-0.230
    40cm 0.163-0.210
    50cm 0.125-0.146
    Interior wall made of bricks 11.5cm 3.0
    Interior wall made of aerated concrete 28cm approx. 0.6
    Exterior door made of wood or plastic – 3.49
    Acrylic glass (plexiglass) 5mm 5.3  1
    Single window 4mm 5.9  1
    Double windows – 3.0  1
    Windows with insulated glazing 2.4cm 2.8-3.0
    Windows with thermal insulation glazing 2.4cm approx. 1.3
    Total windows requirement energy certificate Switzerland (2011) – 1.3
    Light building element made of polycarbonate 5cm approx. 0.83
    Passive house standard windows – 0.5-0.8
    1  For panes, the value is essentially determined by the heat transfer resistance
     
    Insulating Materials
    MaterialThermal conductivity  λ  in W/(m K)
    vacuum insulation board 0.004…0.006
    Airgel 0.017…0.021
    Resol resin 0.021
    Polyurethane (PUR) 0.021…0.035
    Expanded polystyrene with graphite (Gray EPS) 0.030…0.035
    Extruded polystyrene (XPS) 0.032…0.040
    Mineral wool / rock wool (raw density in kg/m 3 from 30 to 220) 0.032…0.050
    Polyethylene foams 0.034…0.040 [7]
    Wool 0.035
    Sheep wool 0.035…0.045 [8]
    cork 0.035…0.046
    Expanded polystyrene (EPS) 0.035…0.050
    cellulose 0.037…0.045
    Wood fiber insulation board 0.038 [9]  …0.060
    jute 0.038 [8]
    Straw bales 0.038…0.067
    Hemp insulation mats 0.042 [10]
    flax 0.040 [8]
    Foam glass 0.040
    hemp 0.040…0.045 [8]
    Seaweed 0.040…0.049 [8]
    wood fiber 0.040…0.060 [8]
    Perlite (rock) 0.040…0.070
    Reed plate 0.045…0.055
    straw 0.043 [11] …0.072 [8]
    Thermal insulation plasters, e.g. B. with polystyrene foam balls 0.055…0.070 [12]
    Perforated brick, porous 0.070…0.450
    Aerated concrete (gas concrete) 0.080…0.250
    Glass foam granules 0.080
    Wood wool lightweight building board 0.090
    expanded clay 0.100…0.160 [8]
    Thermal plaster with mineral lightweight aggregates 0.110 [13]
     
     
    Plastics
    MaterialThermal conductivity  λ  in W/(m K)
    Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 0.24 [19]
    Polyurethane compact (PUR) 0.245 [20]
    Polyimides (PI) 0.37…0.52 [19]
    Polyetherimide (PEI) 0.24 [20]
    Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 0.25 [19]
    Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 0.17 [19]
    Polyamides (nylon, nylon) 0.25…0.35 [19]
    Polypropylene (PP) 0.23 [19]
    Polycarbonate 0.20 [19]
    Epoxy resin (EP) 0.20 [19]
    Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, Plexiglass) 0.19 [19]
    Polyethylene (PE) 0.33…0.57 [19]
    Polystyrene (PS) 0.17 [19]
    Polysiloxanes (silicone) 0.2…0.3
    Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) 0.25 [21]

    Source:  https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4rmeleitf%C3%A4higkeit

    Context: 

     

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑  David R. Lide (ed.):  CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics .  87th edition. (Internet version: 2006-2007), CRC Press/Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL,  Properties of Solids,  pp. 12-204 ( limited preview  in Google book search).
    2. ↑  Walter J. Moore:  Physical Chemistry.  Walter de Gruyter, 1986,  ISBN 978-3-11-010979-5 , p. 47 ( limited preview  in Google book search).
    3. ↑  Confusion about thermal conductivity .  In:  Deutsches Architektenblatt , October 1, 2013.
    4. ↑  Handbook Concrete Protection through Coatings, Expert Verlag 1992, page 413
    5. ↑  Sven Fuchs, Andrea Förster:  Rock thermal conductivity of Mesozoic geothermal aquifers in the Northeast German Basin . In:  Chemistry of the Earth – Geochemistry . Volume 70, Supplement 3, August 2010, pp. 13–22,  doi : 10.1016/j.chemer.2010.05.010  ( edoc.gfz-potsdam.de  [PDF]).
    6. ↑  Information sheet 821  (PDF; 877 kB); Stainless steel – properties; Publisher: Stainless Steel Information Center Table 9; Status: 2014.
    7. ↑  Data sheets for Trocellen PE insulation materials, accessed on July 30, 2010  ( Memento  from August 21, 2010 in the  Internet Archive )
    8. ↑  Jump up to: a  b  c  d  e  f  g  h  Guide to  ecological insulation materials  (PDF; 6.3 MB) from BENZ GmbH & Co. KG Baustoffe, accessed on March 1, 2017.
    9. ↑  Product information  Thermosafe-homogen®  from the company GUTEX Holzfibreboardworks H. Henselmann GmbH & CO. KG, accessed on November 2, 2021.
    10. ↑  Product information  THERMO HEMP PREMIUM  from THERMO NATUR GmbH & Co. KG, accessed on February 22, 2020.
    11. ↑  ISO-Stroh, data sheet  on dpm-gruppe.com, accessed on June 2, 2021
    12. ↑  Thermal insulation plasters  from Hasit. In: Hasit.de. Retrieved November 2021
    13. ↑  ThermoPutz , mineral; Baumit company. In: Baumit.de
    14. ↑  Hans-Jürgen Bargel, Hermann Hilbrans:  Materials Science . Springer, 2008,  ISBN 978-3-540-79296-3 , p. 275 ( limited preview  in Google book search).
    15. ↑  Material properties of the  casting alloys  (PDF) and the  pipe materials  (PDF) from Wieland-Werke AG, accessed in August 2014.
    16. ↑  Thermal conductivity .  ( Memento  from March 11, 2016 in the  Internet Archive )
    17. ↑  Jump up to: a  b  c  d  e  f  g  h  i  David R. Lide (ed.):  CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics .  90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press/Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL,  Fluid Properties,  pp. 6-184. Values ​​apply at 300 K.
    18. ↑  schweizer-fn.de
    19. ↑  Jump up to: a  b  c  d  e  f  g  h  i  j  k  Horst Czichos (ed.):  The basics of engineering, D materials,  thermal conductivity of materials . 31st edition. Springer, 2000,  ISBN 3-540-66882-9 , p. D 54.
    20. ↑  Jump up to:a  b  Data sheets technical plastics and their properties, accessed on November 23, 2010 .
    21. ↑  Entry  at makeitfrom.com
    22. ↑  Jump up to: a  b  c  d  schweizer-fn.de
    23. ↑  David R. Lide (ed.):  CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics .  90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press/Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL,  Fluid Properties,  pp. 6-220.
    24. ↑  Lecture notes  Hydroscript. –  PTB Braunschweig  ( Memento  from September 24, 2015 in the  Internet Archive ).
    25. ↑  geizhals.eu
     
    ID: 

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