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Tabacco

  • Tabacco

     Tabacco

     Recommendation
     Planting distance  60 cm
     Root length  80 cm
     Pflanzenhöhe  100 - 200 cm
     Sun  full sun
     lighting  12 - 16 hours
     Soil type (for soil cultivation)  any
     Nutrient requirements total  high
     Nutrient dosage (NPK)  
     pH range  5.8 - 5.8  matching plants
     Ec - area  
     Climate zones (USDA)  9a ~ 11b > 10 °C
     Growth in frost  no
     Temperature damage  < 1 °C
     Frost resistance  no
     Days until germination  7 - 21
     Days until harvest  90 - 120
     Growing season  1 year
    Varieties commonly used in cultivation:
    •  (see list below)

     Nicotiana tabacum 800

    Nicotiana tabacum

    Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus Nicotiana of the family Solanaceae and the general name for any product made from the dried leaves of these plants. More than 70 species of tobacco are known, but the most important crop is N. tabacum.  Description

    Annual tender perennial with flowers that smell fragrant outdoors at night. They can have a spindle-shaped growth habit. Requires consistently moist, organically rich, well-drained soil in full sun to share shade. Best suited to some afternoon shade in hot summer climates. It has largely been replaced by shorter varieties that open during the day and have no scent.

       

     

     Cultivation

     Preferred systems
    Not suitable for hydroponics 

     

     

    Nutrient Starting phase Yield phase
    Dose - + - +
    NO3        
    K       X
    That        
    B        
    Fe        
     
    See also: deficiency symptoms
    Sources among others: 
    Bild: https://www.flickr.com/photos/97123293@N07/28813013842 - Public Domain 

    Diseases and pests of tobacco plants

    Tobacco hornworm
    Even though tobacco is quite robust, diseases and pests can occur.
     
    Tobacco mosaic virus
    Transmission by aphids. When infested, leaves become deformed and a mosaic pattern forms. Destroy the plant immediately so that the virus does not spread further. Preventive by combating aphid infestations.
     
    Tobacco blue mold
    If the undersides of the leaves show a gray-blue coating and the leaves have holes, tobacco blue mold may be responsible. Caused by permanent moisture in the earth. The fungus occurs particularly during long periods of bad weather. Infected plants must be destroyed.
     
    Tobacco hornworm
    These are the caterpillars of a butterfly. The eggs are laid on the leaves of the plant and the caterpillars feed on the leaves after they hatch. If checked regularly, the animals can be collected.
     
    Stem nematodes
    These insects, which belong to the nematodes, are found in the soil, settle in the stems of the tobacco and damage the plant so severely that the stem first turns brown and ultimately falls over. Dispose of infected plants immediately to prevent spread. Unfortunately, nothing can be done preventatively.
     
    Collect snails
    and/or use a snail fence as prevention. 

    Use / Historical
    Native American tribes used tobacco to treat:
    • earache,
    • snake bites,
    • cuts and burns,
    • respiratory diseases,
    • Fever,
    • nervous disorders,
    • bladder problems,
    • Skin diseases.

    planting
    Of the small-grain tobacco seeds with a thousand-grain weight of 0.1 gram, 2 grams of seeds are sufficient for approx. 100 m² of growing beds, which under favorable conditions produce 9,000 to 15,000 seedlings. After 8 to 10 weeks a plant size of 10 to 18 cm is achieved. This completes the cultivation and the plants are ready as seedlings for transplanting into the open field.
     
    Sowing
    Sow on the surface of moist, well-drained seed soil. Do not cover the seeds, just press them lightly. Place the seed container in an indoor greenhouse (or similar) at 20-25° Celsius. Germination occurs after 7-21 days.
    When the seedlings are large enough, transplant into 8cm pots. Slowly acclimate the young plants to the outside temperatures and plant them out when there is no longer any danger of frost.

    Genus:
    Nicotiana
    Art:
    Tabacum
    Family:
    Solanaceae
    Life cycle:
    Yearly
    Perennials
    Recommended propagation strategy:
    Together
    Country or region of origin:
    South America
    Wildlife Value:
    Resistant to deer
    Dimensions:
    Height: 90 cm - 160 cm.
    Width: 30cm - 60cm.
    • Whole plant characteristics:
      Plant type:
      Yearly
      Herbaceous Perennial
      Gift
      Maintenance:
      Low
    • Cultural conditions:
      Light:
      Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight per day)
      Partial shade (direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
      Available space for planting:
      Less than 12 inches
      NC Region:
      Coastal
      Mountains
      Piedmont
      USDA Plant Hardiness Zone:
      10a, 10b, 11a, 11b
    • Fruit:
      Fruit type:
      Haircut
      Fruit description:
      Produces lots of tiny seeds.
    • Flowers:
      Flower color:
      Cream/tan
      Green
      Rosa
      White
      Flower value for gardeners:
      Noticeable
      Flower bloom time:
      Autumn
      Summer
      Flower shape:
      Tubular
      Petals:
      4-5 petals/rays
      Flower description:
      Flowers tubular, cream, pink or green-white, 5-lobed above.
    • Leaves:
      Leaf color:
      Green
      Leaf feel:
      And
      Sheet type:
      Simply
      Leaf arrangement:
      Change
      Blattform:
      Spatulate
      Hair present:
      And
      Sheet description:
      Leaves large, alternate, simple, with sticky hairs.
    • Stalk:
      Stem is aromatic:
      No
    • Landscape:
      Landscape location:
      container
      Patio
      Landscape theme:
      Night Garden
      Felsgarten
      Design feature:
      Border
      Mass planting
      Challenges:
      Hirsch
      Problems:
      Poison for humans
       

      Toxic to humans
      Poison Severity:
      High
      Giftsymptome:
      HIGHLY TOXIC, CAN BE FATTY IF EAT! Vomiting, diarrhea, slow pulse, dizziness, collapse and respiratory failure may occur if consumed.
      Poison toxic principle:
      Nicotine and other alkaloids
      Causes contact dermatitis:
      No
      Poison part:
      Flowers
      leaves 
        Source: USDA

        Types of tobacco include:

        • Aromatic fire-dried foods  are cured using smoke from an open fire. In the United States, it is grown in northern middle  Tennessee  , central  Kentucky  , and  Virginia  . Fire-cured tobacco grown in Kentucky and Tennessee is used in some chewing tobacco, moist snuff, some cigarettes, and as a spice in pipe tobacco blends. Another fire-cured tobacco is  Latakia, which is made from oriental varieties of N. tabacum  is produced  . The leaves are  cured and smoked over smoldering fires of local hardwoods and aromatic shrubs in  Cyprus  and  Syria .
        • Brightleaf tobacco  is commonly referred to as “Virginia tobacco,” often regardless of which state it is grown in. Before the  American Civil War  , most tobacco grown in the United States was fire-cured dark leaf tobacco. Sometime after the  War of 1812,  the demand for a milder, lighter, and more flavorful tobacco arose.  Ohio  ,  Pennsylvania  , and  Maryland  all innovated with milder varieties of the tobacco plant. Farmers discovered that light-leaf tobacco required thin, starved soil, and those who could not grow other crops found that they could grow tobacco. Confederate soldiers traded it with each other and with Union soldiers and developed a great fondness for it. At the end of the war, the soldiers went home and a national market for the local crops had developed.
        • Broadleaf  , a dark tobacco family known for producing huge, tough and thick wrappers.  [33]
        • Burley tobacco  is an air-cured tobacco   used primarily for making cigarettes . In the United States, burley tobacco plants are grown in March or April from pelleted seeds placed in Styrofoam trays and floated on a bed of fertilized water.
        • Cavendish  is more of a curing process and method of cutting tobacco than a variety. The processing and cutting serve to highlight the natural sweet taste of the tobacco. Cavendish can be made from any type of tobacco, but is typically one or a blend of Kentucky, Virginia and Burley and is most commonly used in pipe tobacco and cigars.
        • Criollo tobacco  is primarily used to make  cigars  . By most accounts, it was one of the original Cuban tobaccos released during the time of   Columbus .
        • Dokha  is a tobacco originally grown in  Iran  , mixed with leaves, bark and herbs for smoking in a  midwakh  .
        • Perique  was developed in 1824 through the technique of pressure fermentation of local tobacco by farmer Pierre Chenet. It  is considered the  truffle  of  pipe tobacco  and is used as an ingredient in many pipe tobaccos, but is too strong to be smoked straight. In the past, the freshly moist perique was also chewed, but today it is no longer sold for this purpose. Typically it is mixed with pure Virginia to add spice, strength and coolness to the mixture.
        • Shade tobacco  is grown in  Connecticut  and  Massachusetts  .  Connecticut's  early  colonists adopted the habit of smoking tobacco in pipes from Native Americans and began growing the plant commercially, despite the  Puritans  labeling it a "nasty weed." The  shade industry in Connecticut has some big ones  It has survived  disasters , including a devastating  hailstorm  in 1929 and an epidemic of brown spot fungus in 2000, and is in danger of disappearing given rising property values.
        • Turkish tobacco  is a sun-dried, highly aromatic, small-leaved variety (  Nicotiana tabacum )  grown  in Turkey, Greece,  Bulgaria  and  North Macedonia . Originally grown in regions that were historically part of the  Ottoman Empire  , it is also known as “oriental”. Many of the early brands of cigarettes were made largely or entirely from Turkish tobacco. Its main uses were blends of pipe and especially cigarette tobacco (a typical American cigarette is a blend of light Virginia, Burley and Turkish).
        •  Air-dried white burley leaf has been found to be milder than other types of tobacco. In 1865, George Webb of  Brown County, Ohio, planted red burley seeds  he had purchased   and noticed that some of the seedlings had a whitish, sickly appearance, which became white burley.
        • Wild tobacco  comes from the southwestern United States, Mexico and parts of South America. Its botanical name is  Nicotiana Rustica
         
         
        Overview of tobacco types
         
        No. Family genus subgenus Section Art
        1 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Rustica Panicles glauca
        2 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Rustica Panicles belly
        3 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Rustica Panicles knightiana
        5 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Rustica Panicles benavidesii
        11 Solanaceae Nicotiana N. Tobacco Tomentosa tomentosiformis
        12 Solanaceae Nicotiana N. Tobacco Tomentosa otophora Dr
        13 Solanaceae Nicotiana N. Tobacco Tomentosa kakamii
        14 Solanaceae Nicotiana N. Tobacco Tomentosa setchellii
        15 Solanaceae Nicotiana N. Tobacco Tomentosa glutinous Fo
        16 Solanaceae Nicotiana N. Tobacco Genuine tabacum, var. atropurpurea
        18 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Wavy arentsii Dr
        20 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Trigonophyllae trigonophylla
        21 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Alatae sylvestris Fo
        22 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Alatae langsdorfii Fo
        23 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Alatae Alata Fo
        24 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Alatae forgetiana
        25 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Alatae Bonariensis
        26 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Alatae longiflora Fo
        27 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Alatae plumbagenifolia Dr
        28 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides To be spread repanda Fo
        29 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides To be spread stocktonii
        30 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides To be spread and life
        31 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Noctiflora noctiflora Dr
        35 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Pointed sharp
        36 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Pointed pauciflora
        37 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Pointed attenuated Fo
        39 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Pointed miersii Fo
        40 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Pointed corymbosa
        43 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Bigelovianae bigelovii
        44 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Bigelovianae clevelandii
        45 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Nudicaules nudicaulis Fo
        46 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Sweet smelling benthamiana
        47 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Sweet smelling umbratic
        48 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Sweet smelling cavicola Fo
        49 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Sweet smelling debneyi Fo
        50 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Sweet smelling gossei Dr
        51 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Sweet smelling huggable
        52 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Sweet smelling maritima Fo
        53 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Sweet smelling velveteen
        54 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Sweet smelling hesperis
        55 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Sweet smelling occidentalis
        56 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Sweet smelling pretending
        57 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Sweet smelling megalosiphon Fo
        58 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Sweet smelling rotundifolia Fo 2
        59 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Sweet smelling higher Dr
        60 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Sweet smelling sweet-smelling
        61 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Sweet smelling swallow
        62 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Sweet smelling little Fo
        63 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Sweet smelling goodspeedii Fo
        64 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Sweet smelling rosy
        65 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Sweet smelling fragans
        66 Solanaceae Nicotiana N.Petunioides Sweet smelling African Fo
         
        ID: 572

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