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Aquaponics Nitrogen Calculator
Aquaponics Nitrogen Balance Calculator This calculator is called by the fish / biofilter calculator to give you an idea of the nitrogen volume of the aquaponics / biofilter system. It is not intended to be filled in by hand - but this can be very helpful for some situations. You can reach this computer via the link Plant nitrogen Supply calculation to X g NH₄-N per day in Biofilter calculator. Input Parameters NH₄-N Input (g/day): Biofilter Efficiency (%): Plant Uptake (%): Recalculate Context: ...
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Fish-Biofilter Calculator
Dimensioning and balancing fish production & biofiltration 1. Fish Production Fish African catfish – Clarias gariepinus Alaska pollock – Gadus chalcogrammus Black tiger shrimp – Penaeus monodon Brook trout – Salvelinus fontinalis Carp – Cyprinus carpio Cobia – Rachycentron canadum Eel, European – Anguilla anguilla European seabass – Dicentrarchus labrax Giant river prawn – Macrobrachium rosenbergii Greater amberjack – Seriola dumerili Halibut – Hippoglossus hippoglossus Pangasius – Pangasianodon...
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pH and Ec Finder
Here you can view the plants that have similar pH and Ec values and can therefore, at least in this respect, be planted together in an aqua or hydroponic system. Also pay attention to the temperature. What are the nutrient requirements for certain plants? This list shows the nutrient concentration preferred by each plant. Note the differences within the subspecies/breeding . Please remember: there are 23,000 varieties of tomatoes - of course these vary in terms of preferred temperatures as wel...
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Limits for Ammonium in fishing waters
Official Limit Values for Ammonium in Fish Waters According to: EU Directive 78/659/EEC 1. As NH₄⁺ (Ammonium Ion) Salmonid waters (e.g., trout, salmon): Guideline value (I): ≤ 0.04 mg/l NH₄⁺ Limit value (G): ≤ 1 mg/l NH₄⁺ Cyprinid waters (e.g., carp, crucian carp): Guideline value (I): ≤ 0.2 mg/l NH₄⁺ Limit value (G): ≤ 1 mg/l NH₄⁺ 2. As NH₄-N (Ammonium Nitrogen) Conversion: NH₄-N = NH₄⁺ × 0.776 Salmonid waters: Guideline value: ≤ 0.031 g/m³ NH₄-N (0.04 × 0.776) Limit value: ≤ 0.776 g/m³ NH₄-...
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Fish growth curve
For better estimation of filter load in aquaponics systems, we use the sigmoid function (logistic function) which is used in biology (and other domains) to describe and predict growth processes. It realistically describes the growth and the amount of feed required by fish. From the feed amount and thus the resulting waste, the NH4 and phosphorus concentration over the course of the rearing period can be better estimated. In biology, the individual length or weight growth of f...
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MBBR: Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor
The Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR), also called fluidized bed biology or expanded bed biology, is a method of biological wastewater treatment in which the microorganisms involved in the degradation processes grow in a biofilm immobilized on an artificial carrier. It thus belongs to the biological biofilm processes in wastewater treatment. In contrast to fixed bed systems, the carrier is not fixed or anchored, but moves freely in the reactor. Mode of Operation As carrier materials or media (...
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Ammonia Calculator for Aquaponics
Ammonia Calculator for Aquaponics Important Information: This calculator determines the toxic ammonia fraction (NH₃-N) from your water parameters. Toxicity depends on pH, temperature, and salinity. Input Values Total Ammonium (NH₄⁺) in g/m³: pH Value: Temperature (°C): Salinity (g/L, optional): Use 0 g/L for freshwater Fish Type:Salmonids (Trout, Salmon)Cyprinids (Carp, Tilapia)Other/Unknown Calculate Results Calculated Values Total Ammonium as N: 0.78 g/m³ NH₄-N Ammonia Fraction (NH₃): 1.8% T...
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Nitrogen (N): Basic conditions
Nitrogen Conversions for Aquaponics Biofilters 1. Basic Ratios (Based on Nitrogen Content N) The conversions are based on the molar masses of the different nitrogen species: Molar Masses: N (Nitrogen atom): 14.01 g/mol NH 3 (Ammonia): 17.03 g/mol NH 4 + (Ammonium): 18.04 g/mol NO 3 - (Nitrate): 62.00 g/mol 2. Conversion Formulas A) NH₄-N ↔ NH₃-N (Ammonia Nitrogen) In this conversion, the nitrogen portion remains the same: NH₃-N (g/day) = NH₄-N (g/day) Important: 1 g NH₄-N corresponds to 1 g ...
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Stocking density regulations
For aquaponics systems in the EU, as of January 26, 2026, there are no uniform, EU-wide binding stocking density regulations for the fish species mentioned. The regulation is complex and based on several legal areas. Here is an overview of the relevant regulations and principles: 1. The Overarching Principle: EU Animal Welfare Law The fundamental legal source is the EU Animal Welfare Regulation (EC) No. 1099/2009 on the protection of animals at the time of killing, which also contains general ...
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Overview
Foundations & Concepts The Idea Vision and philosophy behind sustainable food production Biology Biological foundations and connections The Business Economic efficiency and business models Systems & Getting Started Aquaponics Closed-loop system with fish and plants Hydroponics Growing plants without soil Ecoponics Ecological closed-loop systems Permaculture Ecological Self-sufficiency Organisms Fish Plants Medicinal Plants Sprouts Microgreens Push & Pull Nutrients & Analysis Nutrient Solutions C...
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Plant Combinator
Plant Combinator pH · EC · USDA Zone · Frost Tolerance Select Plants + Add Plant Range Comparison pH Value EC Value (mS/cm) USDA Hardiness Zone Detailed Analysis & Compatibility Please select plants … Planting Calendar Please select plants … Copy Result Copy to Clipboard ✓ Copied! Fine Print ! Please note that the nutrient consumption of individual varieties can vary greatly depending on growth phase and plant type, and the resulting quantity ratios may cause undesired interactions/blockages and...
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Fertilizer: Essential Nutrients, Function, Deficiency and Exces
Deficiency symptoms Quick overview Damage caused by soluble salts Boron deficiency Boron toxicity Calcium deficiency Ferrum deficiency Sulphur deficency Nitrogen deficiency Potassium deficiency Copper deficiency Magnesia deficiency Manganese deficiencyl Molybdenum deficiency Phosphorus deficiency Zinc deficiency Before we begin discussing the principles of plant nutrient systems in hydroponic systems, we need to define what we mean by "hydroponic." Hydroponics is the process of growing plants ...
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Can ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) be used in hydroponics?
Yes, but with limitations: Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) can be used in hydroponics, but must be dosed carefully. Components of ammonium nitrate NH₄⁺ (ammonium) – plant available, but potentially toxic NO₃⁻ (nitrate) – well tolerated, main nitrogen source advantages Supplies two forms of nitrogen May contribute to pH stabilization (NO₃⁻ basic, NH₄⁺ acidic) Risks & Constraints Ammonium toxicity: Harmful at high concentration or low pH pH shift: NH₄⁺ lowers the pH value in the substrate Safety aspec...
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Fertiliser: Calculation of nutrient solutions
By Boston Public Library, license CC BY 2.0 Calculation of the concentrations of nutrient solutions using the following two equations The calculation of the amount of fertilizer that has to be added to the nutrient solutions is part of a successful hydroponic production. Only multiplication, division and subtraction are used for the calculations; no advanced mathematical knowledge is required. If you want to know more about the compositions and concentration information, the article series can b...
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Fertilizer: Calculate a nutrient recipe
By Boston Public Library, licensed CC BY 2.0 Now that you have the two basic equations for the production of nutrient solutions, we want to use them to calculate the amounts of fertilizer required for a nutrient solution recipe. If you are not familiar with the two equations, read this first: Hydroponic systems: Calculating the concentrations of nutrient solutions using the two equations. Here is our problem: We want to use a modified Sonneveld solution (Matson and Peters, Insidegrower) for herb...
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Cyanamide
Cyanamide is used in agriculture as a fertilizer and as a plant growth regulator by breaking dormancy in fruit plants (table grapes, kiwis, apples, pears) (dormancy breaking agent). The 50% aqueous solution is also used as a biocide (disinfectant), particularly in pig farming, as it is effective in killing salmonella and dysentery bacteria and controlling flies at all stages of development. No plant protection products containing the active ingredient cyanamide are approved in the EU. Neverthe...
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UASB-Effluent
The UASB (treated aquaponics waste) effluent can be used after a targeted further processing as a source of nutrients for the hydroponics be used. The idea: [Fish tank] → [Solid separator] → [UASB reactor]→[Remineralization component]→[Hydroponic loop] Nutrient content: After anaerobic treatment, the effluent still contains plenty of inorganic nutrients such as phosphate and Ammonium saltswhich are essential for plant growth. Project HypoWave: Researchers at Fraunhofer IGB are investigating Hyp...
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Agar
Agar is a natural gelling agent derived from the cell walls of certain red algae (e.g. B. Gelidium or Gracilaria) is won. In plant-cell breeding, agar serves as a carrier medium for nutrients and hormones that promote the growth and differentiation of plant cells in vitro. Properties and functions gelling agent: Agar solidifies at about 40 °C and only melts at about 85–90 °C. This makes it ideal for stabilizing culture media. Nutrient carrier: Serves as a matrix to contain water, macro- and micr...
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Murashige & Skoog Medium
Murashige and Skoog medium (or MSO or MS0 (MS-zero) ) is the most popular plant growth medium used in laboratories worldwide for cultivating plant cell cultures on agar . MS0 was invented in 1962 by plant scientists Toshio Murashige and Folke K. Skoog during Murashige's search for a new growth regulator. A number after the letters MS indicates the sucrose content of the medium. For example, MS0 contains no sucrose, while MS20 contains 20 g/L sucrose. Together with its modificatio...
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An Investment for the Future ★
Modern Agriculture Take advantage of our offers and help shape the future of agriculture with us. Schedule an appointment More Information Sustainable food production in the smallest space Up to 90% less water consumption. Fresh vegetables and fish from a closed-loop system. Undependent on seasons. No pesticides and no herbicides: Groundwater neutral. EU funding. Why Aquaponics & Hydroponics? Sustainable Up to 90% less water consumption compared to field cultivation. Efficiently High yields in a...
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Our services
The Company | Our Services | Consulting | Planning | Products Holistic Solutions Comprehensive Solutions from Borgmann Aquaponics and Hydroponics Start well-informed – arrive safely. We consciously make this knowledge available to you because we believe: those who understand what they are doing achieve better results. At the same time, we know from many years of experience that every system has its own story. Whether during setup, commissioning, or when unexpected problems arise – we stand by yo...
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Yield and savings calculator
Future | Why? | Market | Efficiency | Development | Studies | Yield Calculator | Suitable System | Technology | Implementation Aquaponics/Hydroponics Calculator Calculate your estimated yields and break-even point for your system project System Parameters Choose system type: Hydroponics Only Aquaponics (Plants + Fish) Growing Area (m²) Plant area Tank Volume (m³) Fish tank Main CropLettuce/Herbs (30-35 kg/m²)Tomatoes/Cucumbers/Peppers (50-70 kg/m²) Investment Costs (€) One-time Market Prices Pla...
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The path to your aquaponics or hydroponics system
The Company | Our Service | Consulting | Planning | Products Planning The Path to Your Aquaponic or Hydroponic System We advise you on the path to your aquaponic or hydroponic system. The company Borgmann Aquaponik Hydroponik® offers a new way to transform agricultural operations into the twenty-first century. The EU already makes funding available for this new technology, which makes the transition even more attractive for many interested parties. Our offering includes feasibility studies, cons...
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Your Consultants for Hydroponics and Aquaponics
The Company | Our Service | Consulting | Planning | Products Consulting Services Your Consultants for Hydroponics and Aquaponics Theory and practice: two sides of the same coin. This page provides you with the necessary basic knowledge – transparent and without reservations. Because sound knowledge protects against costly mistakes. Nevertheless, practice shows time and again: Even experienced operators encounter situations that require individual assessment and targeted support. That's exactly w...
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Why Aquaponics & Hydroponics?
Future | Why? | Market | Efficiency | Development | Studies | Yield Calculator | Suitable System | Technology | Implementation Why Aquaponics & Hydroponics? Water is becoming scarcer, food transport is becoming more expensive – and the desire for fresh, healthy nutrition is growing.Aquaponics & hydroponics offer a solution: efficient, sustainable and directly on site. Sustainable Up to 90% less water consumption, no pesticides, closed loop. Efficiently High yields on a small area – regardless of...
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And this is how it works
Future | Why? | Market | Efficiency | Development | Studies | Yield Calculator | Suitable System | Technology | Implementation Your Path to a Successful Aquaponics or Hydroponics System – Step by Step to Your Goal: Building an aquaponics or hydroponics system is an investment in the future – ecological, sustainable, and economically profitable. Regardless of size, this technology offers tremendous opportunities for both the home grower with some space in the garden and the farmer with several he...
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Global development
Future | Why? | Market | Efficiency | Development | Studies | Yield Calculator | Suitable System | Technology | Implementation Global Developments in Aquaponics Urban Farming, Food Security and Political Framework Conditions Worldwide From local initiatives to global movements: How aquaponics becomes part of the solution to the greatest challenges of our time. ️ Urban Farming: From Niche to Mainstream What once began as hobby gardening on rooftops has developed into a global movement revolutioni...
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Market needs & nutrition
Future | Why? | Market | Efficiency | Development | Studies | Yield Calculator | Suitable System | Technology | Implementation Market needs & nutrition How aquaponics helps meet the increasing demand for fresh food The world population is growing, demand for sustainable food is increasing – and traditional agriculture is reaching its limits. Aquaponics offers innovative solutions for future food security. The global challenge of food security The numbers speak for themselves: by 2050, the world ...
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Find your suitable system — initial assessment
Future | Why? | Market | Efficiency | Development | Studies | Yield Calculator | Suitable System | Technology | Implementation Find Your Suitable System — Initial Assessment 3–5 brief details are sufficient. The estimate is rough and does not replace a quote. Application AreaPlease select...PrivateGastronomyEducationCommercial Desired Growing Area (m²) Your Main GoalPlease select...Self-sufficiencyPresentation / TeachingGastronomy SupplyCommercial Production Fish StockNo (Hydroponics only)Yes (A...
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Xylenol orange tetrasodium salt
Xylenol orange tetrasodium salt Xylenol orange contains one sulfonic acid, four carboxyl groups, two amino groups, and two hydroxy groups, each of which can be protonated or deprotonated. At pH ≈ 4.5, xylenol orange exists in a lemon-yellow form. In this form, xylenol orange forms a weak red to red-violet complex with some polyvalent metal ions, which is destroyed by the addition of a stronger complexing agent such as EDTA. Use : As an indicator in titration. Typical concentration: 1 ml / 100 ml...
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Example: Calculation of moles and grams of boron in boric acid
1. Molar mass of boric acid (H₃BO₃) Hydrogen (H):3×1,008=3,024 g/mol Boron (B):1×10.81=10.81 g/mol Oxygen (O):3×16.00=48.00 g/mol In total: 3,024+10.81+48.00=61,834 g/mol 2. Amount of boric acid in 1 gram n H3BO3 = 1 g 61.834 g/mol ≈ 0.01617 mol 3. Amount of boron (B) 1 molecule of H₃BO₃ contains 1 boron atom: nB = n H3BO3 = 0.01617 mol 4. Concentration in mol/liter 0.0162 mol/L boron (B)(when dissolving 1 g of H₃BO₃ in 1 liter) Calculation of the mass of boron (B) in boric acid (H₃BO₃) 1. Amo...
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pH calculation from calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂)
pH calculation from calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) Calcium hydroxide is a strong base that dissociates completely in water: Ca(OH)2 → Ca2+ + 2OH− Given is a net ion charge of: 0.0270 mol/L Since each unit of Ca(OH)₂ provides two OH⁻ ions, the result is: [OH−] = 0.0270 mol/L From this, we calculate the pOH value: pOH = − log ( 0.0270 ) ≈ 1.57 And finally: pH = 14 − pOH ≈ 12.43 Ergebnis: Die Lösung hat einen pH-Wert von ungefähr 12.43. Quelle: Atkins & de Paula – Physical Chemistry, 12th E...
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PPM ⇄ mol/L ⇄ g/L ⇄ %
Fertilizer Salt Concentration Calculator Calculates nutrient concentrations based on added fertilizer salt amount ✍️ Enter Formula Select from List Pay attention to uppercase and lowercase letters in the chemical formula. Mo2 is not MO2. Hydration · can be entered as .: (NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄·4H₂O = (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O Examples: KNO3, Ca(NO3)2, (NH4)2SO4, Fe2(SO4)3, KH2PO4, MgSO4.7H2O Copy & Paste with subscript characters also works: (NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄·4H₂O Select fertilizer salt:-- Please select -- Amount of fe...
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No acid-base reaction
Context: The fertilizer calculation program and its results regarding the calculated pH value. What the program does not do: No dynamic chemical equilibrium (no pKa model) No exact activity calculation No EC/buffering influences The program currently calculates the pH purely from the net charge of the ion balance , especially from OH⁻ excesses , but: A real nutrient solution such as Steiner's solution has a complex buffering effect and cannot be calculated solely by the cation/anion balance . Th...
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Borate species in aqueous solution
The term borate species refers to the various chemical forms (species) in which boron can exist in a solution. The form depends strongly on the pH value . Important borate species 1. Boric acid (H₃BO₃) – undissociated, neutral Predominant at pH < 7 Acts as a weak Lewis acid Exists mainly as uncharged molecules Reaction in water: H3 BO3 + H2O ↔ [B(OH4)]⁻ + H⁺ 2. Tetrahydroxoborate ion ([B(OH)₄]⁻) – anionic Predominant at pH > 9 Formed by the reaction of boric acid with hydroxide ions (OH⁻) Impo...
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Sodium, quantitative analysis
Quantitative Analyse von Natrium Sodium occurs in nutrient solutions primarily as the sodium ion (Na⁺) . Na + can partially replace K + in some plant functions, but K + is still an essential nutrient. There are different methods for determining sodium: Flame photometry: A fast and precise method for the quantitative determination of sodium. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS): Highly precise determination at very low concentrations. Precipitation titration with aluminum oxinate: A chemical meth...
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EDTA Titration Principle
EDTA titrations have wide applications in inorganic analysis due to its strong complexing effect and commercial availability.5 However, due to the polyprotic nature of EDTA, pH affects the forms present in the solution, and auxiliary complexing reagents are used to prevent the precipitation of metal hydroxides and maintain the concentration of free metal ions. Direct Titration: Involves buffering the metal ion solution to the desired pH and directly titrating with standard EDTA until the endpoin...
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Titanium, quantitative analysis
Quantitative Analyse von Titan Titanium occurs in nutrient solutions primarily as the titanium(IV) ion (TiO₂⁺) or as a titanyl complex (TiO²⁺) . It may be essential, but traces of Ti 3+ are so ubiquitous that its addition is rarely justified. At 5 ppm, beneficial growth effects are quite remarkable in some crops, e.g., pineapple and peas. A variable micronutrient. There are various methods for determining titanium: Spectrophotometry with peroxo complexes: formation of a yellow titanyl peroxide c...
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ppm to moles
Umrechnung: 100 ppm NO₃⁻ in mol/L Example : Conversion: 100 ppmNO3−in mol/L Given : 100 ppmNO3−= 100 mg/L 1. Molar mass ofNO3− Nitrogen (N): 14.01 g/mol Oxygen (O): 3 × 16.00 = 48.00 g/mol Total: 62.01 g/mol 2. Conversion to mol/L Calculation: c = 100 mg 62.01 g/mol = 0.100 g/L 62.01 g/mol ≈ 0.00161 mol/L Result 100 ppmNO3−≈ 1.61 mmol/L Sources Petrucci, Harwood, Herring, Madura – General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications , 10th Edition PubChem – Nitrates (NO₃⁻) Example: ...
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USA Tax
What is the US Sales Tax or Value Added Tax? First of all, it is important to know that there is no common sales tax or value added tax (VAT for entrepreneurs) in the USA but that each of the individual 50 states sets its own tax rates. This means that examining is confusing and complicated at first. In addition, there is the local VAT which most cities and municipalities charge in addition. In some cases the tax rates also change depending on the season or the needs of some municipalities and ...
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GDPR
data protection 1. General 1.1 What are personal data 1.2 Handling of personal data 1.3 Usage data 1.4 Registration data 1.5 Duration of storage 1.6 Analysis tools and third-party tools 2. Your rights 2.1 Information 2.2 Right to rectification 2.3 Right to erasure 2.4 Right to restriction of processing 2.5 Right to data portability 2.6 Right of withdrawal 2.7 General and right of appeal 3. Data security 3.1 Data security 3.2 Sessions and Cookies 3.3 Data protection declaration for the use of the...
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GTC
General Terms and Conditions of Sale I. Offer and conclusion of contract The order signed by the customer (also electronically) is a binding offer. We can accept this offer within two weeks by sending an order confirmation or by sending the ordered goods within this period. Please note the information in Appendix 1 ! II. Documents handed over We reserve the right of ownership and copyright to all documents handed over to the purchaser in connection with the placing of the order - also in el...
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Legal notice
Company: Borgmann Aquaponik Hydroponik, UID: CHE-312.034.071 Corporate address: Helmer Borgmann Schumacherweg 19 8046 Zürich, Schweiz Managing Director and responsible for all content: Helmer Borgmann Disclaimer 1. limitation of liabilityThe contents of this website have been prepared with the greatest possible care and to the best of our knowledge. Nevertheless, the provider of this website accepts no responsibility for the topicality, completeness and correctness o...
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Image copyrights
All images, unless marked, are the property of our company. All other images are copyrighted according to the following evidence. List of copyrights Klimazonen: WHZ-Europa-small.gif, WHZ-Europa-big.gif, WHZ-Mitteleuropa-small.gif, WHZ-Mitteleuropa-big.gif https://www.jelitto.com/out/media/winterhaertezonen/europa/WHZ-Mitteleuropa-big.gif https://www.jelitto.com/out/media/winterhaertezonen/europa/WHZ-Mitteleuropa-big.gif Trickle_Filter_Cross-section.png A schematic cross-section of the contac...
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Terms of use
Terms of use for online platform: Borgmann Aquaponik Hydroponik 1 Scope of the Terms of Use(1) These Terms of Use apply to the online offer Borgmann Aquaponik Hydroponik, which is available on the Internet at https://borgmann-aquaponik-hydroponik.ch/ can be called up. This is a platform on which users can create profiles. (2) You can access and print out the currently valid terms of use this page. 2 Conclusion of contract and user account(1) By completing the online registration process and cr...
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Right of withdrawal
Right of withdrawal You have the right to cancel a contract concluded with us within fourteen days without giving reasons. The cancellation period is 54 weeks from the day the contract is concluded. In order to exercise your right of withdrawal, you must inform us (Borgmann Aquaponik Hydroponik, Schumacherweg 19, CH-80469 Zurich) of your decision to withdraw from this contract by means of a clear statement (e.g. a letter sent by post or an email). You can reach us by phone at 0041-79-5835913. I...
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Revocation form
Your legal basis Annex 2 to Article 246a § 1 paragraph 2 sentence 1 number 1 and § 2 paragraph 2 number 2 of the Introductory Act to the German Civil Code (EGBGB) Annex 2 amended mWv 13.6.2014 by G v. 20.9.2013 (BGBl. I p. 3642); amended with effect from 28.5.2022 by Act of 10.8.2021 (BGBl. I p. 3483).Sample cancellation form If you wish to revoke a contract, please fill out this form and send it to the following address:Borgmann Aquaponik Hydroponik, Schumacherweg 19, CH-8046 ZürichReceiver: Bo...
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Terms of use
Terms of use for online platform: Borgmann Aquaponik Hydroponik 1 Scope of the Terms of Use (1) These Terms of Use apply to the online offer Borgmann Aquaponik Hydroponik, which can be accessed on the Internet at https://borgmann-aquaponik-hydroponik.ch/. This is a platform on which Users can create profiles. This is a platform on which users can create profiles. (2) You can call up and print out the currently valid Terms of Use with this document. 2 Conclusion of contract and user account (...
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Navigating towards Decoupled Aquaponic Systems 4
Figure 19. Graphical comparison between sludge production, sludge reduction, and sludge outtakeassuming a TSS reduction of 90%, a HRT of 10 days, and an SRT of 80 days (y‐axis). The days aredisplayed on the x‐axis. 5.2. Nitrate Flow EstimatesAs can be seen schematically in Figure 6, the flow rate from RAS to the plants is determined by theplant evapotranspiration rate derived from the FAO Penman-Monteith Equation. Unlike in the case ofother macronutrients, the remineralization potential for...
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Aquaponics
Aquaponics is a process that combines raising fish in an aquaculture with growing plants in hydroponics. There are different approaches to getting the nutrients to the plants. The idea is to use the substances released by the fish directly as fertiliser for plants. As a rule, these must first be processed, which is done via bacteria. Graphic courtesy of I. Karonent, adapted for aquaponics by S. Friend. We offer control systems for the automatic management of your aquaponics and hydroponics syst...
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Aquaponics System Modeling: Interactive Diagram
Borgmann-Aquaponik-Hydroponik.ch (Beta 0.5.7.5) * Roux * Somerville ACCORDING TO ROUX · FAO/SOMERVILLE · KSU/HAGER ⊙SYSTEM MAP ↻CAUSE-DIAGRAM WATER ⬡ NUTRIENTS ⚡ ENERGY 0Nodes 0Links 0Loops System Aquaponics Hydroponics Shared Risks Decoupling Link Flow Types N-Cycle P-Cycle Water Cycle Biomass CO₂ / Carbon Energy Risk / Dep. Variable Group Nitrogen Phosphorus Fish Plant Water Quality Energy External Inputs Output/Harvest Polarity Positive (+) Negative (−) Feedback Loops RR1 Fish Growth BB1 N-Up...
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Navigating towards Decoupled Aquaponic Systems 1
A System Dynamics Design Approach Download the PDF Version here: Navigating towards Decoupled Aquaponic Systems Simon Goddek 1,2,*, Carlos Alberto Espinal 3 , Boris Delaide 4, Mohamed Haissam Jijakli 4, Zala Schmautz 5, Sven Wuertz 6 and Karel J. Keesman 11 Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands;
Read more »This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Aquaponik Manufaktur GmbH, Geldener Str. 139, Issum 47661, Germany3 LandIng Aquaculture, Evenheuvel 4, 5688 LZ O... -
Navigating towards Decoupled Aquaponic Systems 3
4.2. Model Description—FlowchartsFigures 4 and 5 show the water flow of traditional RAS and one-loop aquaponic systems.Whereas the outflow in RAS is mainly defined by water discharge rates and sludge removal, themain outflow in one-loop aquaponic systems occurs via evapotranspiration and sludge removal.Figure 6 illustrates in what DAPS differ from the other approaches. Although its main water outflowis also defined through evapotranspiration, it reduces water loss by recycling the sludge, whosep...
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Comparison Costs & Benefits
Choosing an Aquaponics or Hydroponics System The choice of irrigation method depends on various factors such as costs for the system setup, operating costs, space requirements, water consumption, desired productivity (yield), and many other aspects. To help you make a decision, we have created an example here that can give you a first impression of the compromises to be expected. By Adam Arthur CCBY2 DAR: Decision Analysis and Resolution The system used in this example is called DAR (Decision An...
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Aquaponics / Hydroponics
Aquaponics: Sustainable Food Production in a Cycle Aquaponics is a method that combines the rearing of fish in aquaculture with the cultivation of plants in hydroponics. There are different approaches to deliver the nutrients produced by the fish to the plants. Overview of Cultivation Methods Overview of Aquaponics System Types Aquaponics, like hydroponics systems, are always part of a closed cycle. Aquaponics, for fish production, always contains a hydroponic system for plant cultivation. The s...
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Navigating towards Decoupled Aquaponic Systems 2
Table 1. Observed sunshine hours (per month) and the respective estimated reference evaporation (ETo in mm/day) for Köln-Bonn. Figure 2. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo in mm/day) upon plain natural lighting (Köln‐Bonn) or at constant radiation using (additional) artificial light. 3.3. Input Data and Parametrization for RASThe modelled RAS comprised four fish tanks with a volume of 1 m3 each. Additional RAScomponents (i.e., biofilter, drum filter, sump, etc.) add another 3 m3 of volume. ...
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Foreword to fish farming in aquaponics systems
Fish farming plays a central role in aquaponics systems and represents a symbiotic complement to plant production. The combination of fish farming and hydroponics creates sustainable circular systems that make optimal use of and support both components. The fish provide valuable nutrients for the plants through their excretions, while the plants in turn purify the water and provide the fish with a healthy living environment. The integration of fish farming into aquaponics systems offers numero...
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Advances in Hydroponics Research
Innovations for Plant Growth Hydroponics, the soilless farming method, continues to be the focus of agricultural research and promises sustainable and efficient plant growth. Recent studies show progress in optimizing nutrient delivery systems and increasing crop yields. Researchers are exploring innovative hydroponic techniques that integrate precision agriculture technologies and ensure precise control of nutrient concentrations and environmental conditions. This not only maximizes resource ef...
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Procurement of seeds
From the Swallowtail Garden Seeds collectionof botanical photographs and illustrations How and where can you get good quality seeds? Seeds can be purchased from various retailers. Since efficiency is what matters most in an aquaponics/hydroponic system, it is advantageous to use seeds of tested quality. For European retailers, the organic seal with information about the leading control body is informative. And: don't buy hybrid seeds! These are not self-propagating. This means that you cannot ...
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Parsnip (Microgreens)
Facts about Parsnip The taste: Peppery, fresh Germination: 2 - 3 days Growth until harvest: 10 days Nitrogen requirements: high - heavy feeder pH range: 6.0 - 7.0 suitable plants Ec - area: 1.6 - 2.2 suitable fish Size: 8cm Cultivation Soaking the seeds: not necessary Soak the medium: not necessary Growth medium: - Mixed potting soil (organic preferred)- Coconut soil- Peat-free potting soil- Hemp mats Light: at least 12 hours of exposure per day Germination temperature: 21°C Irrigation: - Flood ...
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Rocket (Microgreens)
Facts about Arugula (USA) / Rocket (GB) / Eruca vesicaria (Latin) The taste: Spicy and spicy, like fully grown rocket Germination: 14 days Growth until harvest: up to 10 days Nitrogen requirements: low - weak eater pH range: 6.0 - 7.5 matching plants Ec - area: 0.8 - 1.8 suitable fish Size: up to 5 cm Cultivation Soaking the seeds: not necessary Soak the medium: not necessary Growth medium: - Mixed potting soil (organic preferred)- Coconut soil- Peat-free potting soil- Hemp mats Light: at l...
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Mustard Cress (Microgreens)
Facts about Mustartd Cress The taste Mild, spicy, similar to washabi Germination 2 - 3 days Growth until harvest 5 - 14 days Nitrogen requirements high - heavy feeder pH range 6.0 - 6.5 matching plants Ec - area 1.2 - 2.4 suitable fish Size up to 7.5 cm Cultivation Soaking the seeds not necessary Soak the medium not necessary Growth medium - Mixed potting soil (organic preferred)- Coconut soil- Peat-free potting soil- Hemp mats Light at least 16 hours of exposure per day, light should be at a di...
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Dill (Microgreens)
Facts - Dill The taste: Spicy, aromatic, grassy Germination: 4 - 5 days (less if soaked) Growth until harvest: 12 - 15 days Nitrogen requirements: low - weak eater pH range: 5.5 - 6.4 matching plants Ec - area: 1.0 - 1.6 suitable fish Size: up to 12.5 cm Cultivation Soaking the seeds: recommended for 4 hours Soak the medium: optional Growth medium: - Mixed potting soil (organic preferred)- Coconut soil- Peat-free potting soil- Hemp mats Light: 12 to 14 hours of exposure per day Germination tempe...
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Coriander (Microgreens)
Facts - Coriander The taste: Spicy, lemony, peppery Germination: 2 - 6 days Growth until harvest: 10 - 20 days Nitrogen requirements: high - heavy feeder pH range: 5.8 - 6.4 matching plants Ec - area: 1.2 - 1.8 suitable fish Size: max. 8 cm Cultivation Soaking the seeds: optional Soak the medium: optional Growth medium: - Mixed potting soil (organic preferred)- Coconut soil- Peat-free potting soil- Hemp mats Light: 16 hours of exposure per day Germination temperature: 21°C Irrigation: - Flood an...
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Lovage (Microgreens)
Fakten zu Lovage Geschmack: Celery taste, bitter, mild Keimung: 6 - 14 days Wachstum bis Ernte: 18 - 24 days Stickstoffbedarf: moderate - moderate eater pH - Bereich: 6.0 - 7.0 suitable plants EC - Bereich: 1.0 - 1.6 suitable fish Größe: 5cm Cultivation Soaking the seeds: not necessary Soak the medium: not necessary Growth medium: - Mixed potting soil (organic preferred)- Coconut soil- Peat-free potting soil- Hemp mats Light: 12 to 14 hours of exposure per day Germination temperature: approx. 21...
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Microgreens Basics
Microgreens in hydroponics - what you should know Microgreens are seedlings. In other words, young plants in the germination stage. They have the advantage that they do not need fertiliser and can be grown on a moist "mat". Even cereals such as rice, oats, wheat, maize and barley as well as pulses such as chickpeas, beans and lentils are sometimes used for microgreens. They are rich in nutrients and very easy to cultivate hydroponically. A simple, moist growing mat is all that is needed to grow ...
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Pea (Microgreens)
Facts about Pea Intolerable with Histamine intolerance / HIT The taste: Fresh, sweet Germination: 2 - 3 days Growth until harvest: 6 - 14 days Nitrogen requirements: low - weak eater pH range: 6.0 - 7.0 suitable plants Ec - area: 0.8 - 1.8 suitable fish Size: 10 centimeters Cultivation Soaking the seeds: recommended (6 - 24 hours) Soak the medium: Yes Growth medium: - Mixed potting soil (organic preferred)- Coconut soil- Peat-free potting soil- Hemp mats Light: 12 hours of exposure per day Germi...
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Oregano (Microgreens)
Facts Oregano The taste: Earthy, spicy and sweet Germination: 5 - 7 days Growth until harvest: 16 - 22 days Nitrogen requirements: low - weak eater pH range: 6.0 - 7.0 suitable plants Ec - area: 1.8 - 2.3 suitable fish Size: 7.5 cm Cultivation Soaking the seeds: not necessary Soak the medium: not necessary Growth medium: - Mixed potting soil (organic preferred)- Coconut soil- Peat-free potting soil- Hemp mats Light: at least 12 hours of exposure per day Germination temperature: 22°C - 25°C I...
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Spelled (Sprouts)
Facts about Spelled The taste: Strong, sweet Germination: 1 to 2 days Growth until harvest: 3 days Nitrogen requirements: low - weak eater pH range: 6.0 - 7.0 suitable plants Ec - area: 1.2 - 1.6 suitable fish Size: up to 4 cm Cultivation Soaking the seeds: for 6 to 12 hours Growth medium: - Stainless steel sprout sieve - Sprouts made of glass or plastic- Trays, perforated, different sizes available Light: not necessary Germination temperature: 21°C Irrigation: - Flood and drain twice a day, spr...
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Peanut (Sprouts)
Facts about Peanut The taste: mild, sweet, slightly onion-like Germination: 1 to 2 days Growth until harvest: 2 to 4 days Nitrogen requirements: moderate - moderate eater pH range: 5.0 - 6.5 matching plants Ec - area: 1.2 - 1.8 suitable fish Size: up to 2 cm Cultivation Soaking the seeds: for 4 to 12 hours Growth medium: - Stainless steel sprout sieve- Sprouts made of glass or plastic- Trays, perforated, different sizes available Light: indirect light Germination temperature: 21°C Irrigation: - ...
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Millet (Sprouts)
Facts about Millet The taste: Mild, sweet Germination: 1 to 2 days Growth until harvest: 3 days Nitrogen requirements: high - heavy feeder pH range: 6.0 - 7.0 suitable plants Ec - area: 1.2 - 1.6 suitable fish Size: up to 3 cm Cultivation Soaking the seeds: for 6 to 12 hours Growth medium: - Stainless steel sprout sieve- Sprouts made of glass or plastic- Trays, perforated, different sizes available Light: not necessary Germination temperature: 21°C irrigation: - Flood and drain 2 to 3 times a da...
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Chickpea (Sprouts)
Facts about Chickpea The taste: Mild, nutty, light, fresh Germination: 2 days Growth until harvest: 2 to 4 days Nitrogen requirements: high - heavy feeder pH range: 6.0 - 7.0 suitable plants Ec - area: 0.8 - 1.8 suitable fish Size: up to 3 cm Cultivation Soaking the seeds: For 8 to 12 hours Growth medium: - Stainless steel sprout sieve- Sprouts made of glass or plastic- Trays, perforated, different sizes available Light: not necessary, dark germs Germination temperature: 21°C Irrigation: - Floo...
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Kohlrabi (Sprouts)
Facts about Kohlrabi The taste: Intense cabbage taste Germination: 2 to 3 days Growth until harvest: 5 to 7 days Nitrogen requirements: moderate - moderate eater pH range: 6.5 - 7.0 suitable plants Ec - area: 2.5 - 3.0 suitable fish Size: up to 5 cm Cultivation Soaking the seeds: For 6 to 12 hours Growth medium: - Stainless steel sprout sieve- Sprouts made of glass or plastic- Trays, perforated, different sizes available Light: Indirect light from the third day Germination temperature: 21°C irri...
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Lentils (Sprouts)
Facts about Lentils The taste: Intensely nutty Germination: 2 days Growth until harvest: 3 to 4 days Nitrogen requirements: low - weak eater pH range: 6.0 - 7.0 suitable plants Ec - area: 1.2 - 2.4 suitable fish Size: up to 6.3 cm Cultivation Soaking the seeds: For 8 to 12 hours Growth medium: - Stainless steel sprout sieve- Sprouts made of glass or plastic- Trays, perforated, different sizes available Light: Indirect light from day one Germination temperature: 18°C - 20°C irrigation: - Flood an...
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Corn (Sprouts)
Facts about Corn The taste: Sweet, sugary Germination: 2 to 3 days Growth until harvest: 3 to 5 days Nitrogen requirements: high - heavy feeder pH range: 6.0 - 6.5 matching plants Ec - area: 1.6 - 2.2 suitable fish Size: up to 3 cm Cultivation Soaking the seeds: for 8 to 12 hours Growth medium: - Stainless steel sprout sieve- Sprouts made of glass or plastic- Trays, perforated, different sizes available Light: indirect light Germination temperature: 21°C irrigation: - Flood and drain twice a day...
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Sesame (Sprouts)
Facts about Sesame The taste: Mild, nutty, like sesame and savory Germination: 1 to 3 days Growth until harvest: 3 to 4 days Nitrogen requirements: low - weak eater pH range: 6.0 - 7.5 matching plants Ec - area: 1.2 - 1.8 suitable fish Size: up to 4 cm Cultivation Soaking the seeds: For 2 to 8 hours Growth medium: - Stainless steel sprout sieve- Sprouts made of glass or plastic- Trays, perforated, different sizes available Light: Not necessary, dark germs Germination temperature: 21°C Irrigation...
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Soy (Sprouts)
Facts about Soy Dangerous in its raw state! The taste: Neutral, fresh, crisp Germination: 1 to 2 days Growth until harvest: 2 to 6 days Nitrogen requirements: low - weak eater pH range: 5.8 - 6.2 matching plants Ec - area: 1.8 - 2.5 suitable fish Size: up to 6 cm Cultivation Soaking the seeds: For 2 to 12 hours Growth medium: - Stainless steel sprout sieve- Sprouts made of glass or plastic- Trays, perforated, different sizes available Light: Indirect light from the second day Germination tempera...
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Savoy Cabbage (Sprouts)
Facts about Savoy Cabbage Facts The taste light cabbage taste Germination 1 to 3 days Growth until harvest 3 to 6 days Nitrogen requirements high - heavy feeder pH range 6.5 - 7.0 suitable plants Ec - area 2.5 - 3.0 suitable fish Size up to 6 cm Cultivation Soaking the seeds For 6 to 12 hours Growth medium - Stainless steel sprout sieve - Sprouts made of glass or plastic - Trays, perforated, different sizes available Light Indirect light from the third day Germ...
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Chelated Micronutrients and their Benefits
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ( EDTA ), also called EDTA acid, is an aminopolycarboxylic acid with the formula [CH2N (CH2CO2H)2]2 . This white, water-insoluble solid is widely used to bind to iron (Fe2+/Fe3+ ) and calcium ions (Ca2+), forming water-soluble complexes even at neutral pH. It is therefore used to dissolve the Fe- and Ca-containing scale and to release iron ions under conditions where its oxides are insoluble. EDTA is available as several salts, notably disodium EDTA , sodium...
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FCR / Feed Conversion Rate
The FCR (the Feed conversion rate) describes how much feed an animal needs for growth, i.e. the weight gain per feed weight achieved by farm animals in fattening. It is a simple indication of the efficiency of converting feed to body weight. The required amount of feed per 1 kg of weight gain during fattening is usually specified (so-called feed conversion rate, FCR). The FCR depends primarily on the animal species, the composition and quantity of feed used (energy content, protein content, etc....
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Root Zone Temperature
Root Zone Temperature Scientific Foundations and Documented Impacts on Hydro- and Aquaponics Systems The Neglected Parameter While pH values and nutrient concentrations in hydro- and aquaponics systems are routinely monitored, root zone temperature often remains overlooked. However, current peer-reviewed studies clearly show measurable impacts on growth, yield, and plant health. Common Measurement Error Root zone temperature can significantly deviate from the measured air temperature - especiall...
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Toxicity dose term LC50 LD50
What does LD 50 / LC 50 mean? LD stands for "Lethal Dose". LD 50 is the amount of a substance given at once that causes death in 50% (half) of a group of test animals. The LD 50 is a way of measuring the short-term poisoning potential (acute toxicity) of a material. Toxicologists can use many types of animals, but most commonly tests are performed with rats and mice. It is usually expressed as the amount of chemical administered (e.g. milligrams) per 100 grams (for smaller animals) or per kilogr...
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Plant Names
Plant Names Latin Plant Names English NameBotanic Name (Latin) Fava bean Vicia faba Adzuki bean Vigna angularis Aloe vera Aloe vera Amaranth Amaranthus Pineapple Ananas comosus Anise Pimpinella anisum Apple Malus domestica Apricot Prunus armeniaca Artichoke Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus Eggplant Solanum melongena Avocado Persea americana Banana Musa Basil Ocimum basilicum Wild garlic Allium ursinum Bhut Jolkai (Pepper) Capsicum chinense Pear Pyrus Collard greens Brassica oleracea var. viridis...
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Mass extinction
The so-called „big five“ (also Big Five) include: the Ordovician mass extinction 444 million years ago the Kellwasser event in the Upper Devonian 372 million years ago the event at the Permian-Triassic boundary 252 million years ago the crisis period at the Triassic-Jurassic border 201 million years ago the mass extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary 66 million years ago For the Big Five, the respective species declines were likely between 70 and 75 percent, or in some cases higher. Al...
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Literature
Certainly, understanding optimal pH and electrical conductivity (EC) levels for plant growth in hydroponics and aquaponics is crucial. However, it is important to note that specific pH and EC requirements may vary depending on the plant species. Here are some scientific references that discuss the influence of pH and EC on plant growth: 1. “Plant Nutrition and Soil Fertility Handbook”◦ Author: J. Benton Jones Jr.◦ This comprehensive handbook provides insight into the role of pH and EC levels in ...
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Climate Zone
Climate Zone As a guide for the temperatures at which the hydroponic part cannot be heated (greenhouse) or operated outside, the temperature ranges for all plants are given in the specialist literature. Usually you only differentiate between hardy or not. According to the vegetation cycles, this also results in an optimal time for setting the respective plant. There is one for this genetic climate classification, that provides this geographic location information. We use the standardized USDA sc...
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Cultivation problems
The plants are grown before aquaponics or hydroponics. Here are some tips from regular horticulture. Cultivating plants is not that difficult. Nevertheless, various mistakes are made, especially for beginners, which is why the cultivation is not satisfactory. Of course, this is bad for your wallet because some types of seeds are quite expensive, and it is also bad for the psyche if the little baby plants do not sprout as previously hoped. Possible consequences are that the desire for your own cu...
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Solanine (en)
Solanine, more precisely α-Solanine, is a slightly toxic chemical compound that is mainly found in nightshade plants such as potatoes and tomatoes. Chemically, solanine is the saponine of the steroid alkaloid solanidine with the trisaccharide solatriose, which consists of glucose, galactose and rhamnose. Solanine was first isolated from the berries of the black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) in 1820 by the French pharmacist Desfosses, after whom it was named. It is also incorrectly called “Tomatine...
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Foreword to Plants in Aquaponics & Hydroponics
The selection of plants plays a central role in aquaponic and hydroponic systems. Typical plant species include fast-growing vegetables such as lettuce, herbs and tomatoes. These plants are particularly well suited due to their short growth cycles and high yields. Choosing the right plants can significantly increase the efficiency and productivity of the systems. Why are there so few plants listed here? For cultivation in your system, you will find a larger selection under Sprouts and Microgreen...
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Strawberry (Hydroponics)
Recommendation Planting spacing: up to 10 plants per meter Root length: 70 cm Plant height: 10 - 30 cm Sun: full sun Lighting: 12 - 16 hours Soil type (for soil cultivation): any Total nutrient requirement: high Nutrient dosage (NPK): 10-10-10 pH range: 5.5 - 6.5 matching plants Ec range: 0.8 - 1.8 matching fish Climate zone (USDA): 3 - 10 Growth in frost: no Temperature damage from: < 4 °C Frost resistance: no Days to germination: 14 - 40 Days to harvest: 100 - 140 Vegetation period: Perennial,...
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Asparagus (Soil)
Recommendation Planting distance 25 cm / row spacing 1.20 m Root length 15 cm Plant height 0 cm Sun full sun lighting 12 - 16 hours Soil type (for soil cultivation) Sand or clay Nutrient requirements total Nutrient dosage (NPK) pH range 6.0 - 6.8 suitable plants Ec - area Climate zone (USDA) 7 ~ 10 Growth in frost no Temperature damage no Frost resistance Yes Days until germination 7 - 21 Days until harvest 360 + (60) only from the second to third year Gr...
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Tomato (Hydroponics)
Recommendation Planting spacing: 3 plants per meter Root length: 30 - 50 cm Plant height: > 100 cm Sun: full sun Lighting: 12 - 16 hours Soil type (for soil cultivation): Humus Total nutrient requirement: high Nutrient dosage (NPK): 5-10-10 to 5-10-5 pH range: 5.5 - 6.5 matching plants Ec range: 1.5 - 2.5 matching fish Climate zone (USDA): 3 - 10 Growth in frost: no Temperature damage from: < 5 °C Frost resistance: no Days to germination: 14 - 40 Days to harvest: 100 - 140 Vegetation period: Per...
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Tabacco
Recommendation Planting distance 60 cm Root length 80 cm Pflanzenhöhe 100 - 200 cm Sun full sun lighting 12 - 16 hours Soil type (for soil cultivation) any Nutrient requirements total high Nutrient dosage (NPK) pH range 5.8 - 5.8 matching plants Ec - area Climate zones (USDA) 9a ~ 11b > 10 °C Growth in frost no Temperature damage < 1 °C Frost resistance no Days until germination 7 - 21 Days until harvest 90 - 120 Growing season 1 year Varieties commonly used...
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Hemp (Hydroponics)
Recommendation Planting distance 75cm Root length 80cm Plant height 60 - 200cm Sun full sun lighting 12 - 16 hours Soil type (for soil cultivation) any, preferably black earth Nutrient requirements total very high Nutrient dosage (NPK) 20-20-40 pH range 6.0 - 7.0 suitable plants Ec - area 0.8 - 2.0 Climate zone (USDA) 12a ~ > 8°C Growth in frost no Temperature damage < 5°C Frost resistance no Days until germination 7 - 12 Days until harvest 90 - 120 growing se...
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Planting recommendations
Album Vilmorin. The vegetable garden 1850-1895. Public Domain This article will show which plants can be cultivated in an aquaponic system. Before going into detail about the individual plants, however, it is important to understand which systems exist in the world of aquaponicsc, as some plants work better in system A than in system B, for example. Still others, on the other hand, have proven themselves in system B. This alone makes it clear that there is no such thing as the best system or the...
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Amaranth (Hydroponics)
Recommendation Planting spacing 50 cm Root length 50 cm Plant height 50 - 300 cm Sun full sun Lighting 12 - 16 hours Soil type (for soil cultivation) any Total nutrient requirement high Nutrient dosage (NPK) 4-18-38 pH range 5.5 - 7.0 matching plants Ec range 0.8 - 1.6 matching fish Climate zone (USDA) 12a ~ > 8 °C Growth in frost no Temperature damage from < 4 °C Frost resistance no (variety caudatus: yes) Days to germination 7 Days to harvest 120 - 150 Vegetation...
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Tomatoes Guide values
Fertilization of Tomatoes in Hydro- or Substrate Culture The following reference values are taken from a master's thesis at the University of Applied Sciences Südwestfalen. See link below. Fertilization of tomatoes in substrate cultures is often based on values given in mmol/l. To make them easier to understand, the reference values have also been converted to g/l. The following table provides an overview of the requirements for anions, cations, and trace elements for tomatoes. Examples of how t...
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Companion Planting Planner
Companion Planting · Friends & Foes Companion Planting Planner Friends & Foes of Plants Friend Foe Neutral / unknown Friends only Include neutral Soil Hydro ✕ Clear selection Click a plant to select it ✅ 0 Friends ❌ 0 Foes ⬜ 0 Neutral Loading data… Companion Planting – Plant Compatibility in Shared Cultivation The deliberate combination of different plant species on a shared growing area – known as companion planting or mixed cropping – is based on the natural biochemical and ecological inte...
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