Tabacco
Varieties commonly used in cultivation:
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Nicotiana tabacum Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus Nicotiana of the family Solanaceae and the general name for any product made from the dried leaves of these plants. More than 70 species of tobacco are known, but the most important crop is N. tabacum. Description Annual tender perennial with flowers that smell fragrant outdoors at night. They can have a spindle-shaped growth habit. Requires consistently moist, organically rich, well-drained soil in full sun to share shade. Best suited to some afternoon shade in hot summer climates. It has largely been replaced by shorter varieties that open during the day and have no scent. |
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Sources among others:
Bild: https://www.flickr.com/photos/97123293@N07/28813013842 - Public Domain
Diseases and pests of tobacco plants
Tobacco hornworm
Even though tobacco is quite robust, diseases and pests can occur.
Tobacco mosaic virus
Transmission by aphids. When infested, leaves become deformed and a mosaic pattern forms. Destroy the plant immediately so that the virus does not spread further. Preventive by combating aphid infestations.
Transmission by aphids. When infested, leaves become deformed and a mosaic pattern forms. Destroy the plant immediately so that the virus does not spread further. Preventive by combating aphid infestations.
Tobacco blue mold
If the undersides of the leaves show a gray-blue coating and the leaves have holes, tobacco blue mold may be responsible. Caused by permanent moisture in the earth. The fungus occurs particularly during long periods of bad weather. Infected plants must be destroyed.
If the undersides of the leaves show a gray-blue coating and the leaves have holes, tobacco blue mold may be responsible. Caused by permanent moisture in the earth. The fungus occurs particularly during long periods of bad weather. Infected plants must be destroyed.
Tobacco hornworm
These are the caterpillars of a butterfly. The eggs are laid on the leaves of the plant and the caterpillars feed on the leaves after they hatch. If checked regularly, the animals can be collected.
These are the caterpillars of a butterfly. The eggs are laid on the leaves of the plant and the caterpillars feed on the leaves after they hatch. If checked regularly, the animals can be collected.
Stem nematodes
These insects, which belong to the nematodes, are found in the soil, settle in the stems of the tobacco and damage the plant so severely that the stem first turns brown and ultimately falls over. Dispose of infected plants immediately to prevent spread. Unfortunately, nothing can be done preventatively.
These insects, which belong to the nematodes, are found in the soil, settle in the stems of the tobacco and damage the plant so severely that the stem first turns brown and ultimately falls over. Dispose of infected plants immediately to prevent spread. Unfortunately, nothing can be done preventatively.
Collect snails
and/or use a snail fence as prevention.
and/or use a snail fence as prevention.
Use / Historical
Native American tribes used tobacco to treat:
- earache,
- snake bites,
- cuts and burns,
- respiratory diseases,
- Fever,
- nervous disorders,
- bladder problems,
- Skin diseases.
planting
Of the small-grain tobacco seeds with a thousand-grain weight of 0.1 gram, 2 grams of seeds are sufficient for approx. 100 m² of growing beds, which under favorable conditions produce 9,000 to 15,000 seedlings. After 8 to 10 weeks a plant size of 10 to 18 cm is achieved. This completes the cultivation and the plants are ready as seedlings for transplanting into the open field.
Sowing
Sow on the surface of moist, well-drained seed soil. Do not cover the seeds, just press them lightly. Place the seed container in an indoor greenhouse (or similar) at 20-25° Celsius. Germination occurs after 7-21 days.
Sow on the surface of moist, well-drained seed soil. Do not cover the seeds, just press them lightly. Place the seed container in an indoor greenhouse (or similar) at 20-25° Celsius. Germination occurs after 7-21 days.
When the seedlings are large enough, transplant into 8cm pots. Slowly acclimate the young plants to the outside temperatures and plant them out when there is no longer any danger of frost.
- Genus:
- Nicotiana
- Art:
- Tabacum
- Family:
- Solanaceae
- Life cycle:
- Yearly
- Perennials
- Recommended propagation strategy:
- Together
- Country or region of origin:
- South America
- Wildlife Value:
- Resistant to deer
- Dimensions:
- Height: 90 cm - 160 cm.
- Width: 30cm - 60cm.
- Whole plant characteristics:
- Plant type:
- Yearly
- Herbaceous Perennial
- Gift
- Maintenance:
- Low
- Cultural conditions:
- Light:
- Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight per day)
- Partial shade (direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
- Available space for planting:
- Less than 12 inches
- NC Region:
- Coastal
- Mountains
- Piedmont
- USDA Plant Hardiness Zone:
- 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b
- Fruit:
- Fruit type:
- Haircut
- Fruit description:
- Produces lots of tiny seeds.
- Flowers:
- Flower color:
- Cream/tan
- Green
- Rosa
- White
- Flower value for gardeners:
- Noticeable
- Flower bloom time:
- Autumn
- Summer
- Flower shape:
- Tubular
- Petals:
- 4-5 petals/rays
- Flower description:
- Flowers tubular, cream, pink or green-white, 5-lobed above.
- Leaves:
- Leaf color:
- Green
- Leaf feel:
- And
- Sheet type:
- Simply
- Leaf arrangement:
- Change
- Blattform:
- Spatulate
- Hair present:
- And
- Sheet description:
- Leaves large, alternate, simple, with sticky hairs.
- Stalk:
- Stem is aromatic:
- No
- Landscape:
- Landscape location:
- container
- Patio
- Landscape theme:
- Night Garden
- Felsgarten
- Design feature:
- Border
- Mass planting
- Challenges:
- Hirsch
- Problems:
- Poison for humans
Toxic to humans
- Poison Severity:
- High
- Giftsymptome:
- HIGHLY TOXIC, CAN BE FATTY IF EAT! Vomiting, diarrhea, slow pulse, dizziness, collapse and respiratory failure may occur if consumed.
- Poison toxic principle:
- Nicotine and other alkaloids
- Causes contact dermatitis:
- No
- Poison part:
- Flowers
- leaves
Source: USDA
Types of tobacco include:
- Aromatic fire-dried foods are cured using smoke from an open fire. In the United States, it is grown in northern middle Tennessee , central Kentucky , and Virginia . Fire-cured tobacco grown in Kentucky and Tennessee is used in some chewing tobacco, moist snuff, some cigarettes, and as a spice in pipe tobacco blends. Another fire-cured tobacco is Latakia, which is made from oriental varieties of N. tabacum is produced . The leaves are cured and smoked over smoldering fires of local hardwoods and aromatic shrubs in Cyprus and Syria .
- Brightleaf tobacco is commonly referred to as “Virginia tobacco,” often regardless of which state it is grown in. Before the American Civil War , most tobacco grown in the United States was fire-cured dark leaf tobacco. Sometime after the War of 1812, the demand for a milder, lighter, and more flavorful tobacco arose. Ohio , Pennsylvania , and Maryland all innovated with milder varieties of the tobacco plant. Farmers discovered that light-leaf tobacco required thin, starved soil, and those who could not grow other crops found that they could grow tobacco. Confederate soldiers traded it with each other and with Union soldiers and developed a great fondness for it. At the end of the war, the soldiers went home and a national market for the local crops had developed.
- Broadleaf , a dark tobacco family known for producing huge, tough and thick wrappers. [33]
- Burley tobacco is an air-cured tobacco used primarily for making cigarettes . In the United States, burley tobacco plants are grown in March or April from pelleted seeds placed in Styrofoam trays and floated on a bed of fertilized water.
- Cavendish is more of a curing process and method of cutting tobacco than a variety. The processing and cutting serve to highlight the natural sweet taste of the tobacco. Cavendish can be made from any type of tobacco, but is typically one or a blend of Kentucky, Virginia and Burley and is most commonly used in pipe tobacco and cigars.
- Criollo tobacco is primarily used to make cigars . By most accounts, it was one of the original Cuban tobaccos released during the time of Columbus .
- Dokha is a tobacco originally grown in Iran , mixed with leaves, bark and herbs for smoking in a midwakh .
- Perique was developed in 1824 through the technique of pressure fermentation of local tobacco by farmer Pierre Chenet. It is considered the truffle of pipe tobacco and is used as an ingredient in many pipe tobaccos, but is too strong to be smoked straight. In the past, the freshly moist perique was also chewed, but today it is no longer sold for this purpose. Typically it is mixed with pure Virginia to add spice, strength and coolness to the mixture.
- Shade tobacco is grown in Connecticut and Massachusetts . Connecticut's early colonists adopted the habit of smoking tobacco in pipes from Native Americans and began growing the plant commercially, despite the Puritans labeling it a "nasty weed." The shade industry in Connecticut has some big ones It has survived disasters , including a devastating hailstorm in 1929 and an epidemic of brown spot fungus in 2000, and is in danger of disappearing given rising property values.
- Turkish tobacco is a sun-dried, highly aromatic, small-leaved variety ( Nicotiana tabacum ) grown in Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria and North Macedonia . Originally grown in regions that were historically part of the Ottoman Empire , it is also known as “oriental”. Many of the early brands of cigarettes were made largely or entirely from Turkish tobacco. Its main uses were blends of pipe and especially cigarette tobacco (a typical American cigarette is a blend of light Virginia, Burley and Turkish).
- Air-dried white burley leaf has been found to be milder than other types of tobacco. In 1865, George Webb of Brown County, Ohio, planted red burley seeds he had purchased and noticed that some of the seedlings had a whitish, sickly appearance, which became white burley.
- Wild tobacco comes from the southwestern United States, Mexico and parts of South America. Its botanical name is Nicotiana Rustica
Overview of tobacco types
No. | Family | genus | subgenus | Section | Art |
1 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Rustica | Panicles | glauca |
2 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Rustica | Panicles | belly |
3 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Rustica | Panicles | knightiana |
5 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Rustica | Panicles | benavidesii |
11 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N. Tobacco | Tomentosa | tomentosiformis |
12 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N. Tobacco | Tomentosa | otophora Dr |
13 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N. Tobacco | Tomentosa | kakamii |
14 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N. Tobacco | Tomentosa | setchellii |
15 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N. Tobacco | Tomentosa | glutinous Fo |
16 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N. Tobacco | Genuine | tabacum, var. atropurpurea |
18 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Wavy | arentsii Dr |
20 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Trigonophyllae | trigonophylla |
21 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Alatae | sylvestris Fo |
22 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Alatae | langsdorfii Fo |
23 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Alatae | Alata Fo |
24 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Alatae | forgetiana |
25 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Alatae | Bonariensis |
26 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Alatae | longiflora Fo |
27 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Alatae | plumbagenifolia Dr |
28 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | To be spread | repanda Fo |
29 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | To be spread | stocktonii |
30 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | To be spread | and life |
31 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Noctiflora | noctiflora Dr |
35 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Pointed | sharp |
36 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Pointed | pauciflora |
37 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Pointed | attenuated Fo |
39 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Pointed | miersii Fo |
40 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Pointed | corymbosa |
43 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Bigelovianae | bigelovii |
44 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Bigelovianae | clevelandii |
45 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Nudicaules | nudicaulis Fo |
46 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Sweet smelling | benthamiana |
47 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Sweet smelling | umbratic |
48 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Sweet smelling | cavicola Fo |
49 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Sweet smelling | debneyi Fo |
50 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Sweet smelling | gossei Dr |
51 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Sweet smelling | huggable |
52 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Sweet smelling | maritima Fo |
53 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Sweet smelling | velveteen |
54 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Sweet smelling | hesperis |
55 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Sweet smelling | occidentalis |
56 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Sweet smelling | pretending |
57 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Sweet smelling | megalosiphon Fo |
58 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Sweet smelling | rotundifolia Fo 2 |
59 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Sweet smelling | higher Dr |
60 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Sweet smelling | sweet-smelling |
61 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Sweet smelling | swallow |
62 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Sweet smelling | little Fo |
63 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Sweet smelling | goodspeedii Fo |
64 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Sweet smelling | rosy |
65 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Sweet smelling | fragans |
66 | Solanaceae | Nicotiana | N.Petunioides | Sweet smelling | African Fo |
ID: 572
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